Mateo Alemán y de Enero (Seville, Spain, 1547 – 1615? in Mexico) was a Spanish novelist and writer.
He graduated at Seville University in 1564, studied later at Salamanca and Alcalá, and from 1571 to 1588 held a post in the treasury; in 1594 he was arrested on suspicion of malversation, but was speedily released. According to some authors, he was descended from Jews forcibly converted to Catholicism after 1492, and one of his forebears had been burned by the Inquisition for secretly continuing to practise Judaism. In 1599, he published the first part of Guzmán de Alfarache, a celebrated picaresque novel which passed through no less than sixteen editions in five years; a spurious sequel was issued in 1602, but the authentic continuation did not appear until 1604.
In 1571 he married, unhappily, Catalina de Espinosa, and was constantly in money difficulties, being imprisoned for debt at Seville at the end of 1602.
In 1608, Alemán emigrated to America, and is said to have carried on business as a printer in Mexico. His Ortografía castellana (1609), published in that city, contains ingenious and practical proposals for the reform of Spanish spelling. Nothing is recorded of Alemán after 1609, but it is sometimes asserted that he was still living in 1617.
He is the author of a life (1604) of St. Anthony of Padua, and versions of two odes of Horace bear witness to his taste and metrical accomplishment. His most famous work, however, is Guzmán de Alfarache, which was translated into French in 1600, into Italian in 1606, into German in 1615, into English in 1623 by James Mabbe, and into Latin in 1623.
"Debe desear todo hombre para saber, y saber para bien vivir"
See J. Hazañas y la Rua, Discursos leidos en la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas letras el 25 de marzo de 1892 (Sevilla, 1892); J. Gestoso y Perez, Nuevos datos para ilustrar las biografías del Maestro Juan de Malara y de Mateo Alemán (Sevilla, 1896).
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